The forms of the verb “to have” are have and has
The forms of the verb “to have” are have and has
for the present and had for the past
Question |
Positive Statement |
Negative Statement |
Singular |
|
|
Do |
I have |
I |
Does |
He/she/it |
He/she/it |
Do |
You have |
You |
Did |
I |
I |
Plural |
|
|
Do |
We |
We |
Do |
You have |
You |
Do |
They have |
They |
Did |
We |
I |
Example
|
Have |
Have got |
||
Question - ? |
"Do |
"Have |
||
Positive Answer - Yes |
"Yes, |
"Yes |
||
Negative Answer - No |
"No, |
|
Verb To Have
To a learner of English as a foreign language (EFL and ESL), the verb “to
have” could cause difficulties. It is, without a doubt, an unusual verb in the
sense that it functions in various ways, which can be confusing. However, if
the learner can identify the three different ways this verb is used, he or she
will find that the formula is rather simple.
(1) To Have as a main verb:
The verb “to have” functions as any other action verb and it implies the
meaning of possession.
For example, when one says: “I have a car,” “I have a house,” or “I have a
book,” one means that a person possesses a car, a house, or a book
The forms of the verb “to have” are as simple as any other verb:
** I have- you have – she has – he has (notice that the third party
singular takes “S”-has) – we have- they have- it
** I had – you had- she had- he had- we had- hey had- it had
(Notice that all nouns and pronouns take “had ”in the past tense.)
** I am having- you are having – she is having – he is having - we are
having - they are having- it is having
(Notice the use of the verb to be + have + -ing; this is the present
progressive tense.
To make the past progressive tense, you just change the verb to be to
the past.
** I have had – you have had - she has had – he has had - we have had-
they have had- it has had
(Notice the use of the verb ”to have” twice. Although this may confuse you, you
should realize that the first time to have is used as an auxiliary, and the
second time is the actual verb meaning to own. Notice that has is used with
she/he/it; this is particularly confusing to ESL/EFL students. It will be
explained when we discuss the perfect tense.)
(2) To Have as an auxiliary:
The verb “to have ”is also used as an auxiliary to help other verbs
create the perfect tense, for example, “I have studied English for five years;”
or “I have visited Vietnam.”
This does not pose a problem except when the main verb is the verb to
have meaning to own or possess.
For example, “I have had my car for ten years.” Have here is the auxiliary and
had is the main verb in the –en form.
Therefore, you ought to remember that the verb to have
functions both as a main verb meaning to own and as an auxiliary verb to
help other verbs create the perfect tense.
(3) The use of Have to:
I n addition to the two forms you learned above, there is another use
for have in the expression have to; meaning must. This, of course, must be
followed by another verb.
For example, “I have to visit my brother tonight.” “She has to see the doctor.”
And in the past tense, “We had to write a paragraph.”
The verb 'to do':
“To do ” is also an unusual
verb and can be confusing to non-native English speakers. Because of the lack
of exact translation of the verb “to do”
in other languages, non native speakers confuse it with the verb “to make.” In fact, most French and
Spanish dictionaries list the verb “to do”
as the verb “to make.” This, however,
is not necessarily true. While the verb “to
do” and “to make” may overlap in
other languages, in English they are two separate verbs, distinguished and with
different meanings.
While in Spanish one may say, “Yo hago cafe todos los dias,” one may not
say in English, “I do coffee every day.” And the equivalent verb in French is
“faire,” which means make, do, create, form, perform, effect, and many other
meanings. Hence, to fully understand this verb, one must look at it with only
an English eye; this means that one must not try to translate this action verb
literally.
The verb “to do ” functions as
a main verb with its own meaning that is very different from make. For
example," I do my homework every day” – “I do my laundry every Saturday,”
but, “I make coffee every morning” – “I make dinner every night.”
More functions for the verb “to do”
While the verb “to do” works as a main verb, it also functions in two
separate ways: as an emphasis verb and as an auxiliary verb in the question
form
(1) For emphasis:
The verb “to do” may be used to emphasize another verb, to put stress on
it, or to make it stand out.
Example, when one says: “Do come
in,” – “Do sit down,” – “Do call at
any time,” one is emphasizing the verb come, sit, and call. The verb “to do" here is merely used to make
the action verbs out and to show sincerity on the part of the speaking person.
This form is not commonly used in the United
States; however, it is used often in England and Canada. People refer to this kind
of speech as “Queen's English” or what one might call “White House English.”
(2) For questions and negative statements:
The verb “to do” is also used
as an auxiliary verb that helps create questions. For example, one must ask,
did you go to school yesterday? And not, “You went to school yesterday?” All
questions about actions must include the verb “to do” unless the question is a
perfect tense in a progressive form
“To do” is used to make action
verbs negative, as in, “I don't get up early,” or “Bill didn't come to class,”
unless the negative statement is in a perfect or progressive tense.
Tenses and forms of verbs:
The following may help you avoid errors in verb tenses or verb forms:
Just like most languages, English verbs have several forms, and each verb tense
uses a particular form. These are the possible forms followed by two examples,
a regular verb and an irregular verb:
Infinitive: To work- to eat
simple: work (s)- eat (s)
progressive: working - eating
past: worked - ate
past participle: worked eaten
** Note that some books refer to the progressive form as the present
participle and to the past participle as the –en form. Note also that the term
“continuous ” is sometimes used instead of “progressive”.
Verb tenses are divided into three major
times:
Future * Present * Past
Each time is divided into four different tenses:
Simple * Progressive * Perfect * Perfect Progressive
Final Thought and Summary:
While in England,
I learned that acquiring English was neither easy nor impossible. I learned
that there was always some way to the top of the mountain named English. It was
just a matter of finding and choosing the best pat h to follow; if the chosen
path was too complex to make progress, it was necessary to go back and choose
another route. I hope that my students will do the same, recognizing that their
English is certain to improve, given time and dedication.
Learning some rules can be helpful
The following are some general rules that you may find useful
1- Usually, use a gerund after a
preposition.
2- Remember that “i” comes always before
“e” except after “c
Receive believe
3- Learn the prefixes and the suffixes –
they will help you figure out the
meaning
of unknown vocabulary
4- Remember that you cannot have a verb in
an –in form without using
the
verb “to be” as an auxiliary verb; unless the verb is used as a
noun
or an adjective
I am working- she was playing-
We have been studying- he had been
sleeping
5- Verb “to be” is used as an auxiliary
verb only in two ways:
A- to make the progressive tense- we are
working
B- to make the passive voice- the bank was
robbed.
6- Modals are very special words, each of
which has its own meaning;
and
the past form of a modal does not necessarily mean the past
tense.
7- If you use the verb “to have” as an
auxiliary verb, the main verb must
be
in the –en form, the past participle.
I have eaten.
8- In reported speech, when the main verb
is past, you must remember
to
move back all the verbs in the quotes by one degree. This means
that
in reported speech, all the present tense will be moved to the
past
tense; all the past tense will be moved to the past perfect
tense;
and all past perfect tense will stay the same because no tense
goes
back farther than past perfect.
i.e. She said to her boyfriend: “Why did
you come late?”
Notice that verb come is in the past
(did…come) then it will have to be moved to past perfect (had come) thus:
She asked her boyfriend why he had come
late.
9- Remember that the use of prepositions
is strictly cultural and there is
no
explanation as to why in English we use different proposition than in
French,
Spanish, Italian or other languages.
10- Learning the nine rules above will
make writing a lot easier and a lo
more
fun.
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